Hand rock-drill



(No Model.) 6 sheets sheet l.

H. s. BAILEY-g I HAND ROGK DRILL. No. 304,288. Patented Sept. 2, 1 884.

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H. S. BAILEY.

HAND ROCK DRILL.

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(No Model.)

H. s. BAILEY.

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H. S.'BAILEY.

HAND ROCK DRILL.

.No. 304,288. Patented Sept. 2, 1884.

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(No Model.) 7 I H. S; BAILEY.

HAND ROGK DRILL. I No. 304,288. Patented Sept. 2, 1884 Fgd m4 1% if Q 5.15) 19 i 15 n 1 l0 1 v M g 3 Q g ge 6 Sheets-Sheet 6.

(No Model.) H. S. BAILEY.

HAND ROGK DRILL.

Patented Sept. 2 1,84.

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ATTORNEY UNITED STATES PATENT Fries.

nowArn) s. BAILEY. 01'? nnnvim, COLOR-ADO.

HAND ROCK-DRILL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 304,288, dated September 2, 1884. Application filed July 20, 1883. (No model.)

To wZZ whom, it may concern:

Be it known that 1', llowani) S. BAILEY, of the city of Denver, county of Arapahoc, and State of Colorado, have in ented certain 1mprovcmcntsin Hand Rock-Drills, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to that class of rockdrills operating by halal-power; and it consists of certain improvtmnrnts whereby power is applied at the end of the machine from any desired position, independent ofthe position of the machine; of certain improvements in the mechanism for retracting the hammer, whereby only a small amount of power is reqnired;- of improvements in the mechanism for reciprocating and partly rotating the drill point, whereby the drill-point is lirmly'held against the rock until the blow is delivered; of an. improved automatic feeding device; of an improvement consisting of a. single rod having adjustable points, the rod feeding continuously through the machine, thus obviating the use of a large number of drills; of improvements in he arrangement of parts, whereby the jar oceasioncdby the striking of the hammer cannot be felt bythe driller; of improvements in construction, enabling it to be placed within three inches of the walls of tunnels and shafts, it being less than five inches wide.

Figure 1 represents a side elevation of my invention. Fig. 2 represents a plan of the same. Fig. 3 represents parts of themachine. Fig. 1- represents asection through cyl inderG, showing the device that holds and feeds the drill-hol(ler, with, the drill-rod 0 through it; also, full and sectional viewsof end D, of rod 0, and nut c c, and full-size View of point C C and manner of holding it. Fig. 5 represents a plan of the levers and cams inside the frame. (Shown only in dotted lines in Figs. 1 and 2.) Fig. 6 represents a section through the entire machine in a plane parallel to the plane in Fig. 1, directly through the center of the cylinder and drill-rod, levers 18 and 10, disk 1.4, and spring L. Fig. 7 represents a similar section, looking from the opposite side of the machine, with the section of the bevel gear N through its center, which is not in line with the center of the cylinder.

The f time A of my drill consists-of four uprightsides, forminga parallelogram, having a base which rests upon the coupling B.

Through the center of the base of the frame the coupling-bolt b 1) passes. The frame may be secured in any position upon the coupling by means of the bolt, and the coupling may be secured in any position upon the horizon-- tal bar I) I). The longer sides of the frame form bearings for the shafts Y and 3, rods 12 and 15, pa'wls 4 and 5, and it also has slots opposite and parallel with each other, in which run the fl'lClilOllltISS rollers of the hammer K. These sides have also in each a semicircular aperture on line with the base of frame, and encircling the couplingbolt b b. This space allows the bolt to be loosened from eitherside of the machine. The drill-rod C rests in one end of the l'rame. The other end contains a hole large enough to admit the'nu't i; Upon this end of the frame are two projections containing the shalt 0; also two segments forming rings of the same radius. They are parallel with each other and perforated with holes in line with and equidistant from each other.

The bevel-geared crank M is of a length sufficient to enable a miner to drill holes above his head or on aline with his feet while standing erect. it consists of two rods, in and 11, containing each a bevel-gear, meshing into each other. A turning-wrench may be applied to either end of rod in. The two supporting- -arms of the crank are secured to the ends of the shaft 0 by means of set-screws. The end of rod n is square and tapering and fits into the end of the bevelgear N. The bevel-geared crank may be separated from the frame by loosening the set-screws, springing the rods of the shaftO, and withdrawing the rod 31, from the gear N. The bevel-gear N is supported by one of its hubs bearing against a' flattened place on the shaft 0. In the end of the hub is screwed a tap-bolt, which passes through thcshaft O and revolves with the gear. The head of the bolt bears against a flattened place on the shaft. The other hub of the gear N passes through the box In the centerof this end is a square socket, in which fits the rod 0 of the bcvcl-geared crank M. The box l-"fits between the segments. Two lugs upon it extend under the segment-rings and fit the curves. Through the box 1 are two holes in line with the holes in the segments. The doublc pin Q. passes through both segments and the box P. By removing the pin Q the bevelgeared crank may be moved with the box I, bevel-gear N, and shaft 0, and secured in any position upon the circumference of the seg ments by the pin Q being passed through the segment and box 1 This gives a verylarge of the'frame A. Upon the shaft 0 revolves freely the double gear RS, of one piece of material. It is a bevel-gear of one-half of the diameter of N, and meshes into it. S is a spur-gear, and meshes into T. This gear is secured to the frame by the stud U, and meshes into the gear V, which is a part of the cam W. The cams NV and X are of the same throw, but of different curves. The reason of this will be explained further on. They are keyed to the shaft Y, which shaft has bearings in theframe A. The cam XV works upon the rollers 6 and 7 of the double ratchet-cam 1, and the cam X upon the rollers 8 and 9 of the double ratchetcam 2. The double ratchet-cams 1 and 2 are of same throw and curve. The ratchets and cams are preferably of one piece of material.

The pawls4 and 5 are secured to the frame by studs. A spring, secured to the stud andbent to bear upon the top of each pawl, holds it against the ratchet. The ratchets and pawls prevent the machinery from being rotated in the wrong direction. They also hold thchammer wherever it may be stopped on its backward stroke. The double ratchet-cams are keyed upon the ends of the shaft 3 and close to the frame. Their working-edges are parallel, so as to operate as one ca'm upon the 1 rollers of the htmmer K. Upon the outside 1 of each of the double ratchet-cams are secured two frictionless rollers, 6, 7 8, and 9,-by means of studs. These rollers are'placed equidistant from-the centerof shaft 3 and upon lines passing through its center; but the rollers upon double cam 2 are placed at a right angle-to the rollers upon the double cam 1. Thus (see- Fig. 1) a straight line drawn through the centers of shafts Y and 3, and extended beyond 3, would pass through the centers of the rollers 8 and 9 upon cam 2. This same line would form right angles with a line drawn through the centers of rollers 6 and 7 upon cam 1.

When the rollers of the double cams occupy.

the position represented in Fig. 1, two of the working-edges of the double ratchet-cams will be just in front of the rollers of the hammer K, as represented in Fig. 1.

The double cams 1 and 2, although upon opposite sides of the machine, operate as one cam. Motion is transmitted to them by the single cams XV and X, working alternately upon their respective rollers, thus as the cam- NV (see Fig. 1) leaves the roller on double cam 1 the cam X will bear upon the roller 8 on double cam 2, and will carry it one-quarter of a circle. This will move the hammer onehalf of its stroke. As the cam X leaves the roller 8, the cam \V will bear on the roller 7,

it having arrived-where 8 was, but upon the other sideol the machine, and will move it largest diameter of the shank.

one-quarter of a circle, completing the stroke of the hammer. The roller 9 would then be where 8 now is in Fig. 1, and 7 would be where 6 is now. The shaft Y has made one revolution, the shaft 3 but one-half of a revo- I lution'g- Thus the single cams \V and X impart range of positions independent of-t liep'ositio'n continuous rotativc motion to the double ratchet-cams 1 and 2. The hammer K is placed inside the frame upon rollers attached .to its sides.

These rollers run in slotsin the frame A, 'and protrude through on each side a distance equal to the thickness of the double ratchet-cams 1 and 2. Through the center of the hammer K the cylinder G passes. The back of the hammer contains two slots, and also the end of the frame in which the ends of the spring are placed. The spring is of V form, and has four ends. These straddle the cylinder G, and lever 13, and the nut I. The spring is held in place by its resilience. The cylinder G passes through the center of the hammer, and rests inthe collars g and g, seeuredor cast to the frame A. The cylinder hasa cylindrical bore through its center, which bore is threaded. At H the cylinder enlarges, forming a shoulder encircling the cylinder, and the hammer K strikes against this shoulder. The endofeylinder nearest the shoulder H is cut to form a shoulder, against which the lever 10 bears when moved by the'disks 11 and 11. Upon the face of this end of the cylinder is cut a ratchet, the teeth facing the end of the frame A. One end of the lever 20 is formed to line with the'ratehet. The other end of the lever 20 embraces the eccentric 21. The lever is pivot-ed at 22, and the eccentric is keyed to. the shaft 3. Through the cylinder G passes thedrill-rod 0. One

end bears in the frame, and it is supported in the cylinder by the collar J and nut I. key-seat is out in the drill-rod G its'wholef length, except on its ends. One end, E,'-is' squared for a wrench, and the other end, D, is tapered and threaded on the taper. Asquare' hole penetrates the end the depth of the taper, and the end is also split quarterly ofits circumference. A nut,'e e, fits the taper-thread.

The drill-point c 'c is cssentiallyapart ofthe drill-rod O, as it is impossible to use in the machine the drills that are'employed at present either for hand or machine drilling. The drill-point c c has three cutting-edges. The shank is square, and tapers from the back of the cutting-edges on all four sides nearly the whole length of the shank, where it is chant fered sharply to admit it into the drill-rod, the points where the tapers meet being the A full-size view of point a c is shown in Fig. 4. Upon the drill-rod G the collar J and nut I slide when not within the cylinder G. The collar J is tapered and threaded upon its outside nearly its whole length. Its largest end is made hexagonal. The collaris split quarterly of its circumference the length of the thread and taper. The nut Iis bored tapering, and threaded to match the taper and thread upon the collar J. The outside of the nut I contains a thread matching the thread in cylinder G. One end is made hexagonal, admitting of a wrench. v

Upon the drill-rod 0, between the cylinder G and the end of frame A, is placed the ratchetwheel F. A key is made fast to the wheel, and fits loosely in the key-seat of the drill-rod, allowing the rod to slide through the wheel F. One end of the lever 16 contains'a pawl, 18, which is held against the ratchet-wheel F by a spring attached to the lever 16. The lever is pivoted at 19. The other end rests upon the double cam 17, keyed to the shaft 3. The lever 10 (see Fig. 5) slides upon the rod 12. One end of the lever is shouldered. The other two ends of the lever rest upon the faces of the disks 11 and 11 and 'contain slots for the project-ions on the disks to move in,- and move the lever by bearing against the end of slot. The disks 11 and 11 contain each two projections, and the disks are keyed to. the shaft 3, so as to act as one. 1 Between the disks 11 and 11 is keyed the disk 14. The lever 13 is aforked lever. One fork contains a slot large enough to straddle the disk 14 and rest upon the shaft 3. The other fork lines with the disk 14, and contains a slot that receives the projections on the disk. -'Ihe'lever 13 slides on the rod '15. The end nearest the rod 15 contains a shoulder, which, when moved, bears against the end'of cylinder G and moves it. The disk 14 has two projections, and is keyed to the shaft 3, so that its projections will stand at a right angle to the projections-011 the disks 11 and 11, as represented in Fig. 1.- The section in Fig. 6 shows the disk 14 divided through its center, also the lovers 13 and 10 and spring L. The operation of my drill will be as follows:

-The horizontal bar 71 b is passed through the coupling B. Thebar is then braced against the walls of a tunnel or shaft. The machine is adjusted to the required position, its front end being not more than two'inehes from the face of the rock. The coupling is then tightened upon the bracing-bar and the frame upon the coupling by the bolt 1) b. A drill-point is placed in the drill-rod, and the, nut e e is tightened, forcing the split ends of the rod to conform to the taper of the shank.- The rod and p int are now pushed againstthe rock, a

I wrench is applied to the nutl and one to the collar J, and the nut I is tightened upon the.

' mer run off the cams, when the .hannner is thrown forward against the shoulder H'of the cylinder (1 by the spring L. The moment a blow is struck a projection on the disks 11 and 11 enters the slots in the ends of the lever 10,

and moves its shoulder against the shoulder of the cylinder G, pushing it back, and the drill rodand point, from the rock, stopping when the projection leaves the slot. At the same time one side of the cam 17 lifts the lever 16, forcing the pawl 18 to partly rotate the ratchet-wheel F; consequently the drill-rod C,

collar J, nut I, and cylinder G. The eecen- 'tric 21 then forces the bent end of the lever 20 into theratchet on the end of cylinder, turning it upon the nut I backward whatever distance it was driven ahead by the hammer, the nut I, collar J, and drill-rod being held from turning by the pawl 18,bearing on the ratchet wheel F. One of the projections on the disk It now enters the slot in the fork of the lever 13, that lines with it, and moves the shoulder of the lever against the end of cylinder, pushing it ahead and the drill point against the. rock. The point is held firmly against the rock until the blow has been delivered by the disk 14; The forks of thelcver 13'must spring a part to let the projection move on when the point is against the rock, the blow being delivered before the projection leaves the slot. Thesemoveinents are all executed while the hammer is moving back after each blow, ex cept themovement of thelcver 20. Thislever comes in contact with the ratchet but once in two blows.

It will be seen by reference to Fig. 1 that 'the lever 20 is pivoted below the center of eyllever would not come in contact with the ratchet until ithad nearly completed its stroke. If the cylinder should be driven ahead oneeighth of an inch in very soft rock, the lever would engage the ratchet much earlier in its.-

stroke, and would turn the cylinder on the nut I far enough to move it back an eighth of an inch. cylinder may. be between the ends of" frame A when the machine is first started, as the first movement of the levers 10, and-13, and 20, will bring it in the right place. In time the nut I and collar J will have traveled through the cylinder, when a crank is applied to the square end E of the rod 0, and the nut and collar screwed out. The nut I is-then loosened enough so that the rod 0 can be pushed through the collar J until the point e c strikes the bottom of the hole in the rock.. Then the nut I isagain tightened and the drilling re snmed.

It can be seen that a hole can be drilled three feet deepthat being the length of the rod Owithout moving the machine-out of It makes no difference where the line with the hole; Experience has proved that light rapid blows will cut rock fasterthan heavy slow ones; consequently I prefer to use in my drill a spring such that sixtypoundsavill compress the stroke of the hammer. As it requires very little power to compress the spring one-half the stroke of the hammer,

the cam X and the first halt of the curvesof -each,hal f of the double ratchet-cams 1 and 2 are made sharp; but as the power required to-compress the spring. the last part of the stroke of the hammer increases very rapidly as the stroke is completed; consequently the cam Wand the last half of the throw of each half of the doubleratchet-cams are made as fine .wedges as? possible. This secures great leverageand smoothness .of action, which is mostito bezdesired in a machine operating by hand-power. The introduction of "a single rod fed through a machine-having adjustable points is a'material improvement in this class of drills: ,It obviates the use of a large numberiofrdrills of '-diflerent lengths. The points are throwmaway vhen dull, and canbe, re: laeedwithout' movin'gy1the machine out of ine withthe hole; The expense of dressing.

drillsis'obviated; Prospectors will be esp'e-' ciallyfbenefited. The machine is light of weight, and. requires very. little power. I It can.be setup-and operated where a miner can work single-handed;' and sixty revolutiohsjofga turning-wrench will'dcliver one hundred and-eighty blows per minute.

' It is necessary that a machine be-able t drill holes within three or fourdnches of all sides of tunnels and shafts. If the machine will notflothis,.th e holes must be drilled by hand. The machinedescribed in this specification is less-than five'inches wide; consequently'it *will drill holes within two and one-half inches of walls; A-serious drawback to the hand rock-drills at present in useis the jar '.''upon the nerves of the operator occasioned by the freeing and striking of the hammer; 'The ,I claim isreaches ,the operator.

cams and'gears represented and described rcceive and completely break the jar before it Having thus described my invention, what 1.1111 a rock-drill, the'combination, with a frame-supporting.and'carrying the drill opcrating mechanism, having projecting'bear ings and segments, of a frame pivoted thereto,

carrying the driving-gear, a bar carried by the frame and supporting the: driving-sham and a clamp connectingthe driving-shaft and segments, whereby the driving-gear, mayibe fixed at any desired angle to theldrill, substantially as'dcseribed.

2. The combination, with a rectangular frame supporting the drill and its operating mechanism, and-having the projecting. bearings and segments, of a shaft supported-in" said bearings, a bevel-gear on the shaft, connecting with the drill-operating nlechanisni, a frame. pivotally connected with the shaft and carrying the driving-shaft, a beveled gear. on

' and fed again, asset forth.

' describedl eled gearand a crank for driving it,and a shaft having a tapering end supported in said frame and driven by said gear, the ends of the frame being socketed, the arrangement being such- I the slia'ft'fabox supported on the shaft, and a that thes'ocketed ends of the frame may be secured to the shaft, on the drill-frame and the tapering end of the-driving-shaft may engage with the socket in the beveled-gear shaft, as andfor the purposes set forth.

- 4. Thefcombinatiomwith a continuous drillshaft, of a cylinder embracing said drill, provided with a screwthread, and a doublescrewclamp; substantiall y as described, secured v to the drill and having a screw-thread engaging:

with the thread in the cylinder, the arrange ment being such thatthe drill may be clamped andfed the desired distanceand then clamped 5. The combination,with acontinuous drill shaft, of a cylinder having a projecting head embracing said shaft, a screw-clamp connecting. the shaft and cylinder, and a hammer sliding on the cylinder and impinging upon Said head, substantially as described.

6. The combination, with aframe, of a drill:

shaft, a cylinder embracing said shaft, a screw; clamping device connecting'the drill to the cylinder a hammer embracing the cylinder, and guid actuating .the hammer, and cams for compressing and releasing the spring, substantially as 7. The combination of a frame, a drill-shaft, a pawl and ratchet-wheel for rotating the drill shaft, a cylinder surrounding the drill-shaft,- a clamping device connected to the drill-shaft, and provided with a screw-thread engaging the thread of the cylinder, and a pawl and moved throughthe clamp, it maybe screwed to another part of the drill'shaft, and-again be fed forward, substantiallyas described. 8. The combination, with a frame and a hammer having projections sliding-in slots in said frame, of a shaft having double cams bearing upon said projections, ratche wheelson said shaft, havingfriction-r'ollers arranged at ternately, asset forth, and a shaft, connected with the driving-gear, having single cams,

ed in slots in the frame, a spring for E ratchet for intermittently rotating the cylinder to feed the drill-shaft, the drill-shaft being-v provided with a .sq uare head, whereby the drill-shaft may e automatically fed forward the desired dist nce'and'then retracted, the {clamploosened, and, ,the drill shaft being the arrangement-being such that the single ca'ms' act alternately upon the friction-rolls,

and thereby rotate the shaft carrying the double cams, for retracting and releasing the hammer, substantially as described.

9. The combination, with a frame and a hammer having projections attached to its sides sliding in slots in the frame, of a headed cylinder carrying a drill encircled by thehanlmer, and double ratched cams secured to the frame, and bearing upon said projections, substantially as described.

'10. The combination, with the drill-shaft,

,ofa split tapering collar embracing the shaft, a nut having an internal taper fitting said 001- lar, and having an external screw-thread, and

a cylinder embracing them all, and having an.

internal screw-thread engaging the nut, substantially as described.

11. The combination, with the, headed cylinder, connected to a drill-shaft, and having the ratched teeth on its end, of a bent lever adapted to engage with said ratched teeth,

and having abifurcated end, and an eccentric engaging with said bifurcated ends, substantially as described.

12. The combination, with a drill-shaft and a sliding cylinder embracing said shaft, and connected to the same by a screw-connection, of a hooked lever, as 10, having a slot embracing a pin, and on which the lever slides, and a disk having projections engaging with slots in the end of said lever, as and for the purpose described. 7

13. The combination, with a drill-shaft and a sliding cylinder embracing said shaft, and connected to the same by a screw-connection, of a hooked lever sliding on a pin, and having bifurcated slotted arms, and a disk having projections engaging with said slotted arms, as and for the purpose described.

14.. The combination, with a drill-shaft anda sliding headed cylinder connected thereto by a screw-connection, of a hammer reciprocating on said cylinder, a hooked lever engagin g the cylinder and withdrawing the same, and

the drill-shaft, a' pawl and ratched wheel for rotating the drill-shaft, a pawl and ratchet for rotating the cylinder and feeding the drillshaft forward, and a hooked lever engaging the cylinder and carrying it and the drill-shaft into position to be struck another blow by the hammer, substantially as described.

HOXVARD S. BAILEY.

\Vituesses:

J OHN CECIL BANsEMER, ROBERT BENJAMIN Forms. 

